Hemangioma de colon Descripción de caso y revisión de la literatura / HEMANGIOMA OF THE COLON. Case report and literature review

El hemangioma de colon y recto es una entidad poco frecuente. El tipo cavernoso, es aún más raro por lo que existen pocos reportes de esta patología. Afecta mayormente al recto y al sigmoides, y el modo de presentación más común es la proctorragia indolora en el 90% de los casos. Más frecuente en adultos jóvenes. Esta entidad para su diagnóstico requiere alta sospecha y la realización de los estudios pertinentes ya que suele confundírsela con patologías más comunes. En esta revisión se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 58 años con un hemangioma cavernoso de colon transverso que se manifestó inicialmente como hematoquecia asociada a astenia. Luego de realizar estudios complementarios, se decide conducta quirúrgica. Se realizó resección de colon transverso con buena evolución postoperatoria. El resultado de anatomía patológica nos informa Hemangioma Cavernoso de colon transverso.

The hemangioma of the colon and rectum is a rare entity. The cavernous type is even more rare, so there are few reports of this pathology. It mainly affects the rectum and the sigmoid, and the most common presentation is painless proctorrhagia in 90% of cases. More frequent in young adults. This entity for its diagnosis requires high suspicion and the realization of the pertinent studies since it is usually confused with more common pathologies. In this review we present the case of a 58-year-old male patient with a cavernous hemangioma of the transverse colon that initially manifested as hematochezia associated with asthenia. After performing complementary studies, surgical behavior is decided. Transverse colon resection was performed with good postoperative evolution. The result of pathological anatomy informs us Cavernous hemangioma of transverse colon

Hemangioma cavernomatoso hepático gigante, presentación infrecuente de una lesión común / Giant hepatic hemangioma, an uncommon presentation of a frequent disease

Los hemangiomas hepáticos, también denominados hemangiomas cavernomatosos, son los tumores hepáticos más comunes. Se caracterizan por ser lesiones solitarias, pequeñas y benignas que se diagnostican frecuentemente de forma incidental. Suelen ser lesiones asintomáticas, si bien los síntomas se presentan más frecuentemente en aquellas lesiones mayores de 5 cm, también conocidas como hemangiomas gigantes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 43 años, pauci-asintomática que presenta un hemangioma gigante de 16x16x27 cm, así como se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

Hepatic hemangiomas, also referred to as cavernous hemangiomas, are the most common benign mesenchymal hepatic tumors. They are often solitary, small lesions that have an excellent safety-prognosis and were commonly incidentally detected. Hepatic hemangiomas are frequently asymptomatic, although symptoms are more likely in those lesions larger than 5 cm also referred to as giant hemangiomas. We present a case of a pauci-asymptomatic 43 year-old woman with an uncommon 16x16x27 cm giant hemangioma and perform a review of the literature.

Surgical Treatment of Cavernous Angiomas in the Pineal Gland ­ Case Report

Pineal cavernous angioma is a vascular malformation that has a prevalence lower than 1%. The etiology is debated. It is believed that it is originated from an autosomal dominant inheritance or from radiotherapeutic treatment. Complete resection enables the cure and prevents complications of the natural evolution of the lesion, mainly hemorrhagic events. A female patient, with 67 years of age, presented mental confusion and visual acuity deficit, which evolved to periods of psychomotor agitation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head showed a lobulated mass lesion in the pineal region with hypersignal on T1 and hyposignal on the susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequence. Hydrocephalus was also noticed. The patient underwent a microsurgery for complete lesion resection though a supracerebellar/ supratentorial access. The anatomopathology revealed an arteriovenous malformation compatible with cavernous angioma. The pineal cavernous angioma is a rare malformation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of expansive lesions of the pineal gland.

Tumor of orbit / Tumor orbitário

The cavernous hemangiomas are the most common intra orbital tumors found in adults of the middle age. Although histological benign, they can encroach on intra orbital or the adjacent structures (optic nerve) and be considered anatomically or positional malignant. We present a case report of orbital cavernous hemangioma of right orbit in young women after pregnancy, from Topola near Kragujevac (Central Serbia) with visual compromise and it's by trans-nasal endoscopic surgical management. Our patient was controlled and treated with the symptomatic therapy, topical therapy with artificial tears and surgical treatment. Our patient has optimal visual acuity of affected right eye after surgical treatment of orbital tumor. Surgical treatment of symptomatic orbital cavernous hemangioma is safe and effective, so that the cosmetic results are the important parameter to evaluate the clinical outcome.

Os hemangiomas cavernosos são os tumores intraorbitais mais comuns encontrados em adultos de meia-idade. Embora histológico benigno, eles podem invadir a área orbital ou intraorbital ou ainda as estruturas adjacentes (nervo óptico) e ser considerado anatomicamente ou posicional maligno. Apresentamos um relato de caso de hemangioma cavernoso orbital da órbita direita em mulheres jovens após a gravidez, a partir de Topola perto Kragujevac (Central Sérvia), com comprometimento visual e medicado por tratamento cirúrgico endoscópico transnasal. O paciente foi controlado e tratado com terapia, terapia tópica sintomático de lágrimas artificiais e tratamento cirúrgico. Nosso paciente tem acuidade visual ideal do olho direito afetada após o tratamento cirúrgico de tumor orbital. O tratamento cirúrgico do sintomático hemangioma cavernoso orbital é segura e eficaz, de modo que os resultados cosméticos são o parâmetro importante para avaliar o resultado clínico.

Lip cavernous hemangioma in a young child

Hemangiomas are benign tumors of infancy and childhood, characterized by a phase of fast growth with endothelial cell proliferation, occurring in 10-12 percent of children at 1 year of age. It is known that hemangiomas of infancy are most commonly located on the head and neck region (around 60 percent of cases) and occur more frequently in the lips, tongue, and palate. Approximately 50 percent of hemangiomas have complete resolution, and 90 percent of them are resolved up to the age of 9. Complications occur in only 20 percent of the cases, the most common problem being ulceration with or without infection. The treatment depends on lesion location, size and evolution stage, and the patient's age. Surgery is usually indicated when there is no response to systemic treatments, or even for esthetic reasons, being performed as a simple excision in combination or not with plastic surgery. This paper reports a case of lip cavernous hemangioma in a 4-year-old child, who was submitted to 3 sessions of vascular sclerosis due to the size of the lesion, before undergoing simple excision of the hemangioma. Two years of postoperative clinical follow-up shows treatment success with no recurrence of the lesion.

Hemangiomas são tumores benignos da infância que se caracterizam por uma fase de crescimento rápido com proliferação de células endoteliais, ocorrendo em 10 a 12 por cento das crianças com 1 ano de idade. Sua localização mais comum é nos lábios, na língua, mucosa jugal e no palato. Aproximadamente 50 por cento dos casos de hemangioma mostram completa resolução e 90 por cento deles resolvem-se até os 9 anos de idade. As complicações ocorrem em apenas 20 por cento dos casos e o problema mais comum é a ulceração com ou sem infecção. O tratamento depende da localização, do tamanho e do estágio evolutivo da lesão, bem como da idade do paciente. A cirurgia geralmente é indicada quando não há resposta aos tratamentos sistêmicos ou por razões estéticas, podendo ser empregada sob forma de exérese simples com ou sem plástica. Este artigo apresenta um caso de hemangioma cavernoso labial em uma criança de 4 anos de idade, a qual, devido ao tamanho da lesão, foi submetida a 3 sessões de esclerose vascular seguido de exérese simples da lesão, com acompanhamento clínico de 2 anos de pós-operatório.

Surgical Outcomes of Transconjunctival Anterior Orbitotomy for Intraconal Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma

PURPOSE: To describe surgical outcomes for transconjunctival anterior orbitotomy for intraconal cavernous hemangiomas. METHODS: The medical records of 9 consecutive patients with intraconal cavernous hemangiomas who underwent surgical removal by transconjunctival anterior orbitotomy were retrospectively reviewed. The conjunctiva was incised and retracted with a traction suture. For large tumors, a rectus muscle was temporarily disinserted. Tenon's capsule was separated and the tumor was removed with a cryoprobe or clamp. Surgical outcomes, positions of the tumors, methods of approach, and intra- and post-operative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 33 +/- 6.8 months. No bony orbitotomy was used in this technique and the cosmetic results were very satisfactory. All tumors were removed intact. In 4 patients, tumors were extirpated with the aid of a cryoprobe. No patients had residual proptosis or limitation of ocular movement. No signs of recurrence were noted in any cases at 33 months follow-up. No serious or permanent complications were observed during or after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Transconjunctival anterior orbitotomy is an important surgical procedure in the treatment of intraconal cavernous hemangiomas. It can produce an excellent result, even if the posterior border of the tumor abuts the orbital apex.

Cavernoma de hipocampo associado a epilepsia do lobo temporal refratária / Hippocampal cavernoma associated to refractory temporal lobe epilepsy

Os cavernomas, entre todas as malformações vasculares encontradas no sistema nervoso, constituem os principais causadores de epilepsia. Para ilustrar essa associação, é apresentado o caso de uma paciente com crises convulsivas de início recente, refratárias ao tratamento clínico, ocasionadas por um cavernoma localizado no lobo temporal (hipocampo) direito. A paciente foi submetida a lesionectomia, sem ressecção do córtex temporal adjacente, com resultado pós-operatório positivo. São discutidas as indicações de lesionectomia em indivíduos com epilepsia, com ênfase nos cavernomas, bem como as indicações de corticectomia para o controle das crises e a obtenção de prognóstico favorável.

The cavernomas, of all the vascular malformations found in the nervous system, are the leading cause of epilepsy. To illustrate this association we present the case of a female patient with convulsive crises of recent onset, refractory to clinical treatment, caused by a cavernoma located in the right temporal lobe (hippocampus). The patient was submitted to lesionectomy, without resection of the adjacent temporal cortex, with a positive postoperative outcome. Indications of lesionectomy to individuals with epilepsy are discussed, with an emphasis on cavernomas, as well as indications of corticectomy for the control of crises and the achievement of a favorable prognosis.

Hemangioma cavernoso gigante de seno maxilar: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Giant cavernous hemangioma of the maxillary sinus: case report and literature review

Los hemangiomas son neoplasias vasculares benignas que se presentan de preferencia en la región cervicofacial, siendo raros en las fosas nasales y excepcionales en los senos paranasales, con pocos casos reportados. Se presenta un paciente de sexo masculino y 33 años de edad, que consultó por obstrucción nasal, aumento de volumen maxilar y exoftalmo izquierdo de 2 años de evolución. La tomografía computada con contraste mostraba una masa hipodensa con realce anular del contraste en maxilar izquierdo, con extensión a la cavidad nasal, con destrucción del piso de la órbita y la pared anterior del seno maxilar. Se tomó biopsia que se informó como hemangioma cavernoso, por lo que fue manejado con embolización y escleroterapia arterial supraselectiva previa a la resección. Se realizó una maxilectomía subtotal por abordaje de Weber-Ferguson, sin recidiva al seguimiento a 15 meses. Además se comparan los hallazgos y el manejo de nuestro paciente con revisiones extranjeras.

Hemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms that occur preferentially in the head and neck, being uncommon in the nasal cavities and exceptionally rare in the paranasal sinuses, with very few cases reported. We present the case of a 33 year old male, that consulted for nasal obstruction, maxillary enlargement and left exophthalmos of 2 years of evolution. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed a hypódense mass with a ring enhanced lesion in the left maxilla, extending to the nasal cavity, with orbital floor and anterior wall of the maxillary sinus destruction. A biopsy sample was informed as cavernous hemangioma. Accordingly, it was treated by supraselective arterial embolization and sclerotherapy previous to surgical resection. A subtotal maxillectomy was performed following the Weber-Ferguson approach, with no recidives after a 15 month follow-up. In addition, we compare our findings and patient management with those reviewed in the literature.

Hemangioma deformante cervical derecho: a propósito de un caso / Deformans right cervical hemangioma: a purpose of a case

Masculino de 32 años de edad, con aumento de volumen progresivo en la cara lateral derecha del cuello, de 20 años de evolución. Se sometió a resolución quirúrgica sin complicaciones. La histopatología reveló un Hemangioma Cavernoso, un tumor vascular benigno poco común, que puede causar molestias estéticas y funcionales de acuerdo a su localización, así como complicaciones sistémicas relacionadas con síndromes asociados. Comúnmente aparece en etapa neonatal puede hacerlo en el adulto. No existe tendencia a la regresión. La cirugía es el tratamiento definitivo, siempre que la lesión sea circunscrita y no afecte a órganos vitales.

Cavernous Angioma in the Falx Cerebri: A Case Report

Intracranial cavernous angiomas are benign vascular malformations and can be divided into intra-axial and extra-axial lesions. Extra-axial cavernous angiomas are relatively rare and usually arise in relation to the dura mater and mimick meningiomas. We report a case of cavernous angioma that occured in the falx cerebri of a 22-yr-old female patient with the special focus on neuroradiologic findings. This is the fourth case of cavernous angioma in the falx cerebri reported in the literature to our knowledge.

Angioma cavernoso do meato acústico interno envolvendo o complexo VII e VIII nervos cranianos: relato de caso / Cavernous hemangioma of the internal auditory canal encasing the VII and VIII cranial nerve complex: case report

Relata-se o caso de homem de 21 anos, leucoderma, portador de angioma cavernoso do meato acústico interno direito envolvendo o complexo VII e VIII nervos cranianos tratado cirurgicamente. Apenas 18 casos de angiomas cavernosos dessa localização foram relatados na literatura. São comentados os aspectos clínicos, o diagnóstico diferencial e o tratamento.

The transconjunctival approach to a large retrobulbar cavernous hemangioma of the orbit

Cavernous hemangiomas are one of the most common benign tumors of the orbit in adults. We report a case of a longstanding retrobulbar hemangioma that was removed successfully through a temporal transconjunctival approach combined with lateral canthotomy. A 45-year-old female patient, with a 15-year history of slowly progressive proptosis and decreased visual acuity of the left eye, had a corrected visual acuity of finger count at 50 cm OS, compared with 1.0 OD. Exophthalmometry by the Nagle's method measured 15 mm OD by 26 mm OS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-encapsulated retrobulbar main mass, 2.3 x 3.0 x 3.7 cm in size along with multiple small satellite nodules that were displacing the optic nerve and globe superiorly. The tumors were removed through a superotemporal transconjunctival approach combined with lateral canthotomy. Pathological examination revealed an intraorbital cavernous hemangioma. The patient was free of visible scars, proptosis and any other noticeable complications at her last follow-up, 6 months after surgery.

Cavernoma do ventrículo lateral: relato de caso / Cavernoma of the lateral ventricle: case report

As malformaçoes cavernosas podem ocorrer em qualquer localizaçao, apesar disso, os cavernomas intraventriculares sao extremamente raros. Na revisao aqui realizada, foram encontrados 28 casos de cavernoma do ventrículo lateral na literatura que, juntamente com o presente relato, somam 29 casos. CASO: Trata-se de paciente de 15 anos, feminina, com cefaléia há 8 meses. Há um mês apresentou cefaléia intensa, súbita, seguida de torpor. Recuperou a consciência após 48 horas. Foi encaminhada à Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte onde apresentou novo episódio de cefaléia intensa, súbita, seguida de torpor. A tomografia de crânio mostrou lesao volumosa, arredondada, com área de hiperdensidade, sugestiva de sangramento recente, no corno frontal do ventrículo lateral. A paciente foi submetida a cirurgia para exérese da lesao, cujo estudo histológico mostrou tratar-se de hemangioma cavernoso. A paciente evoluiu bem, sem complicaçoes. CONCLUSAO: Apesar de raros, os cavernomas devem fazer parte do diagnóstico diferencial das lesoes intraventriculares, pois o diagnóstico pré-operatório equivocado pode levar a tratamento inapropriado destas lesoes benignas, curáveis pela cirurgia

Angioma cavernoso na cisterna magna / Cavernous angioma in the cisterna magna

É relatado um caso de angioma cavernoso na cisterna magna, afecçäo rara cujo diagnóstico é difícil de ser estabelecido, seja pelos achados clínicos como pelos radiológicos. Apesar dos avanços da imagem, o diagnóstico dos angiomas cavernosos permanece ainda restrito ao exame anatomopatológico da lesäo. Neste caso, foi realizada craniectomia suboccipital em um paciente de 21 anos de idade e extirpado totalmente um tumor vascularizado.

Hemaginoma cavernoso del cuello uterino exteriorizado por vulva / Uterine cervix cavernosis hemaginoma externalize by vulve

Se presenta una paciente con hemangioma cavernoso del cuello uterino, que provocó importante hemorragia, y creció hasta salir por la vulva como una tumoración de aspecto carnoso, con zonas de ulceración y necrosis. Se hace una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con el tema